[1]: A fragment of the Prometheus Loosed (Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag.2 p. 68). Prometheus was fastened to a cliff in Scythia by Zeus, whose eagle preyed upon the prisoner. Heracles slew the eagle and released the sufferer.
[2]: In 87 B.C.
[3]: Cf. the Lucullus, xl. 2.
[4]: In 87 B.C.
[5]: In 89 B.C.
[6]: Cf. the Romulus, chapter xv.
[7]: In 84 B.C
[8]: All belonging to the Marian party.
[9]: Plutarch seems to have transferred this exploit from Sulla to Pompey. See the Sulla, xxviii. 1-3, and cf. Appian, Bell. Civ. i. 85.
[10]: Cf. the Sulla, xxxiii. 3. This was in 82 B.C. With a similar purpose Sulla tried to make Julius Caesar part with his wife, but Caesar refused (cf. Plutarch’s Caesar, i. 1).
[11]: Earlier in the same year, 82 B.C., by order of the younger Marius, one of the consuls (Appian, Bell. Civ. i. 88).
[12]: The Marian party.
[13]: In 87 B.C.
[14]: In 81 B.C.
[15]: After the famous secession of the plebs, in 494 B.C.
[16]: Cf. the Fabius Maximus, i. 2. It was in the capacity of censor, 304 B.C., that Rullus thus purified the senate.
[17]: In 79 B.C.
[18]: Cf. the Sulla, chapter xxxviii.
[19]: 78 B.C.
[20]: Cf. the Sertorius, xii. 5.
[21]: In 76 B.C.
[22]: Cf. the Sertorius, xix. 6.
[23]: Cf. the Sertorius, xii. 1. f.
[24]: Cf. the Sertorius, chapter xviii.
[25]: Cf. the Sertorius, xix. 4.
[26]: Cf. the Sertorius, chapter xxi.
[27]: Cf. the Lucullus, v. 2. f.
[28]: In 72 B.C., two years after Lucullus had set out against Mithridates.
[29]: Cf. chapter x. 2, where there is nothing to imply that Perpenna put Pompey under any obligations to him, except that he made no resistance.
[30]: Cf. the Crassus, xi. 7.
[31]: In 71 B.C.
[32]: Cf. the Crassus, xii. 1.f.
[33]: By a law passed in the time of Sulla, only senators were eligible as judges.
[34]: Cf. the Crassus, xii. 3. f.
[35]: 88-85, 83-81, 74 B.C.
[36]: A town in southern Asia Minor, one of the strongholds of the pirates.
[37]: In 67 B.C., Pompey being then thirty-nine years old.
[38]: That is, he would be mysteriously put out of the way. Cf. the Romulus, chapter xxvii.
[39]: Cf. chapter xxv. 2.
[40]: Cf. chapter xxv. 2.
[41]: Iliad, xxii. 207.
[42]: More correctly, Manilius. The Manilian law was passed in 66 B.C. Cf. the oration of Cicero, Pro Lege Manilia.
[43]: Glabrio, consul in 67 B.C., had been sent out to supersede Lucullus.
[44]: Cf. the Lucullus, xxxv. 7.
[45]: In the reference to secession of the plebs to Mons Sacer. See the Coriolanus, chapter vi.
[46]: Cf. the Lucullus, xvi. 1-4.
[47]: Cf. chapter xxi. 2.
[48]: In 65 B.C.
[49]: i.e. the Persian Gulf.
[50]: Three years earlier. Cf. the Lucullus, xxxv. 1.
[51]: In the spring of 64 B.C.
[52]: Cf. Cato the Younger, chapter xiii.
[53]: A mark of slovenliness.
[54]: This was in 63 B.C.
[55]: Cf. chapter xl. 5. The theatre was opened in 55 B.C., and accommodated 40,000 persons.
[56]: Not in any which are extant. In a letter to Atticus (i. 12, 3) Cicero says that Pompey’s divorce of Mucia was heartily approved.
[57]: In 62 B.C.
[58]: Cf. Cato the Younger, xxx. 1-5.
[59]: In 61 B.C., when this triumph was celebrated, Pompey was in his forty-sixth year.
[60]: Cf. chapter xxxi. 1.
[61]: Having been impeached for illegally putting Lentulus and Cethegus to death, he went into voluntary exile in 58 B.C. See the Cicero, chapters xxx. and xxxi.
[62]: He returned from Spain in 60 B.C. See the Caesar, chapters xiii. and xiv.
[63]: 58 B.C.
[64]: The trial of Milo, in 56 B.C. Cf. Dio Cassius, xxxix. 19.
[65]: In 57 B.C.
[66]: The law made Pompey Praefectus Annonae for five years.
[67]: Ptolemy had taken refuge from his dissatisfied subjects in Rome, and wished to be restored. Cf. Dio Cassius, xxxix. 12-17. He is referred to again in chapter lxxvi. 5.
[68]: This was in 56 B.C. Cf. the Caesar, chapter xxi.
[69]: Cf. the Crassus, xv. 1 f.
[70]: In 54 B.C.
[71]: Cf. Kock, Com. Graec. Frag. iii. p. 484.
[72]: Zeus, Poseidon, and Pluto; Iliad, xv. 189.
[73]: That is, no consuls were elected.
[74]: In 53 B.C., seven months after the regular time.
[75]: In 52 B.C.
[76]: One who held supreme power in the absence of regularly elected consuls.
[77]: Cf. chapter lii. 3.
[78]: In 50 B.C.
[79]: In January, 49 B.C. See the Caesar, chapter xxxii.
[80]: In Appian, Bell. Civ. ii. 37, Pompey replies: You will have them if you follow me, and do not think it a terrible thing to leave Rome, and Italy, too, if it should be necessary.
[81]: Cf. the Caesar, xxxv. 4.
[82]: Ditches were dug across the streets, sharpened stakes placed in the ditches, and the whole work lightly covered so as to look undisturbed. Cf. Caesar, Bell. Civ. I. xxvii.
[83]: He had besieged it for nine days, and had also begun to close up the harbour (Caesar, Bell. Civ. I. xxv.-xxvii.).
[84]: Epist. ad Att. vii. 11.
[85]: Cf. chapter xvi. 3 f.; Brutus, iv. 1 f.
[86]: See Caesar, Bell. Civ. I. xli.-lxxxvii.
[87]: Of 49 B.C.
[88]: He was accused of taking a bribe from Caesar for the surrender of the Spains (see the Caesar, xli. 2).
[89]: Since 63 B.C., Caesar had been pontifex maximus. Cf. Bell. Civ. iii. 83.
[90]: Cf. the Caesar, xliii. 3. It is not mentioned in the Commentaries.
[91]: Both Plutarch (not only here, but also in his Caesar, xliv. 1 f.) and Appian (Bell. Civ. ii. 76) differ in their accounts of the order of battle from that which Caesar himself gives (Bell. Civ. iii. 88. f.).
[92]: Bell. Civ. iii. 92. Appian (Bell. Civ. ii. 79) says Caesar does this in his letters.
[93]: The name is Crastinus in Caesar’s own story of the battle (Bell. Civ. iii. 91).
[94]: Cf. Caesar, op. cit. iii. 99, where Caesar gives Crastinus that high praise for which he was willing to die.
[95]: Iliad, xi. 544 ff., where Telamonian Ajax retires before Hector and his Trojans.
[96]: Caesar says that fifteen thousand of Pompey’s soldiers fell, and twenty-four thousand surrendered. His own losses he puts at two hundred soldiers and thirty centurions (Bell. Civ. iii. 99).
[97]: Cf. Caesar, op. cit. iii. 96.
[98]: The verse is assigned to Euripides in Morals, p. 85a (Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag.2, p. 671).
[99]: Sintensis 2 follows Amyot in including this last sentence with the words supposed to be spoken by Cratippus: But these matters must be left to the will of the gods.
[100]: His father was Ptolemy Auletes, mentioned in chapter xlix. 5. He had been restored to his throne in 55 B.C. through Pompey’s influence. The son, Ptolemy Dionysius, now fifteen years of age, had been left joint ruler of Egypt with his sister, Cleopatra.
[101]: Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag.2 p. 316. The recitation of these verses is a feature common also to the accounts of the tragedy in Appian (Bell. Civ. ii. 84) and Dio Cassius (xlii. 4.).
[102]: Ibi ab Achilla et Septimio interficitur (Caesar, Bell. Civ. iii. 104).