[1]: a Cf. Moralia, 628 b, which gives a brief account of a great dinner given by King Philopappus at which both he and Plutarch were present.
[2]: Laws, 731 D, E.
[3]: Ibid.; cited also in Moralia, 90 A, 92 E, and 1000 A.
[4]: True friendship is, of course, proof against flattery, but friendship weakened by self-love is a sort of borderland between true friendship and flattery in which the flatterer can work.
[5]: Laws, 730 C.
[6]: Bergk, Poet. Lyr. Gr. iii. 393.
[7]: Adapted from Hesiod, Theogony, 64.
[8]: Ion, 732; again cited in Moralia, 69 A.
[9]: Again cited in Moralia, 126 D, 697 D, and 1010 C.
[10]: Men too poor to afford a servant, and hence obliged to carry their own bottle of oil to the bath. Cf. Demosthenes, Against Conon, 16 (p. 1262).
[11]: The ceremonial washing of the hands immediately before eating.
[12]: From the Flatterers of Eupolis according to Plutarch, Moralia, 778 E; cf. Kock, Com. Att. Frag. i. p. 303.
[13]: Cf. Athenaeus, 256 D.
[14]: Republic, 361 A.
[15]: Herodotus, iii. 78.
[16]: Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Adesp. No. 362.
[17]: Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Adesp. No. 363; quoted by Plutarch also in the Life of Alcibiades, 203 C.
[18]: Phaedrus, 239 D.
[19]: Cf. Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Adesp. No. 364, and Kock, Comm. Att. Frag. iii. 606.
[20]: A reminiscence of Plato’s Republic, 493 A.
[21]: Euripides, Hippolytus, 218.
[22]: Homer, Od. xxii. 1.
[23]: Homer, Odyssey, xvi. 181.
[24]: Adapted from Sophocles, Antigone, 523.
[25]: Cf. 26 B, supra.
[26]: Bergk, Poet. Lyr. Gr. iii. 669.
[27]: Kock, Com. Att. Frag. i. 349.
[28]: Author unknown; cf. Bergk, Poet. Lyr. Gr. iii. p. 736.
[29]: Homer, Il. ii. 643.
[30]: Homer, Od. iv. 178.
[31]: Possibly a reminiscence from Plato, Gorgias, 465 ff.
[32]: Nicander, Theriaca, 64. On the herb polium see Pliny, Natural History, xxi. 7 (21). 44 and xxi. 20 (84), 145.
[33]: Homer, Il. viii. 281.
[34]: Ibid. x. 243, and Od. i. 65.
[35]: Il. vii. 109.
[36]: Xen. Agesilaus, 11, 5.
[37]: Archidamidas, according to Plutarch, Moralia, 218 B.
[38]: The grain, after being winnowed, was heaped on the threshing-floor.
[39]: Thuc. iii. 82.
[40]: Republic, 474 E; cf. supra 45 A.
[41]: Ptolemy Philopator (221-205 B.C.); cf. Polybius, v. 34.
[42]: See Plutarch, Life of Antony, chap. ix. (920).
[43]: Ptolemy Auletes (80-51 B.C.); cf. Strabo xvii. 11 (p. 796).
[44]: From the Flatterer of Menander; Kock, Com. Att. Frag. iii., Menander, No. 293.
[45]: Ibid. No. 29.
[46]: Source unknown.
[47]: Homer, Il. x. 249.
[48]: From thes tock lines used at the close of the Alcestis, the Andromache, the Bacchae, and the Helena, of Euripides.
[49]: Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Adesp. No. 365.
[50]: A dictum attributed to Simonides by Plutarch, Moralia, 346 F, where it is quoted in full. The full form is found also supra, 17 F.
[51]: Cf. Moralia, 472 A.
[52]: Herodotus, i. 30-33; cf. Plutarch, Life of Solon, xxvii. (93 B).
[53]: Cf. Moralia, 471 F.
[54]: Homer, Il. xvi. 14.
[55]: High-brow; cf. the note in Allinson, Menander in the L.C.L., p. 316.
[56]: The few fragments may be found in Kock, Com. Att. Frag. iii. p. 148, or in Allinson, Menander in the L.C.L., p. 458.
[57]: There are many references in ancient writers to this property of honey. Cf. Plutarch, Life of Phocion, chap. ii. (p. 742 B). The fact that honey quickly destroys pathogenic germs, like those of typhoid, has recently received scientific demonstration; cf. Bulletin 252 of the Colorado Agricultural College.
[58]: Chap. 26, infra.
[59]: Probably Ptolemy Euergetes II., also called Physcon (146-117 B.C.); cf. Athenaeus, xii. 73 (p. 549 D).
[60]: From the Myrmidons of Aeschylus. Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Aesch., No. 135; cf. also Plutarch, Moralia, 715 C.
[61]: Cf. Plutarch, Life of Antony, chap. liii. (940 D).
[62]: Homer, Od. x. 329.
[63]: Euripides, Phoenissae, 469, 472.
[64]: Homer, Il. xiv. 196; xviii. 427; Od. v. 90.
[65]: Homer, Il. xiv. 195; xviii. 426; Od. v. 89.
[66]: Kock, Com. Att. Frag. iii. p. 432, Adespot. No. 125.
[67]: From the Ino of Euripides; Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Eurip. No. 412.
[68]: Part of a much longer fragment from the Erechtheus of Euripides; Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Eurip. No. 362, xi. 18-20. There is no evidence, save this quotation, for Merope’s appearance in the play, and it seems much more probably that the lines were spoken by Praxithea, the wife of Erechtheus.
[69]: From a much longer quotation; cf. Diels, Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, I. 230, i. 18.
[70]: Cf. Hesiod, Works and Days, 235.
[71]: The facts are not otherwise known.
[72]: Euripides, Iphigenia at Aulis, 407.
[73]: Again referred to by Plutarch, Moralia, 142 B, 188 F; Life of Phocion, chap. xxx. (755 B); and Life of Agis, chap. ii. (795 E).
[74]: Plutarch has devoted a separate essay (De amicorum multitudine) to this subject ( Moralia, 93 B-79 B).
[75]: Euripides, Orestes, 735.
[76]: From Pindar, according to Plutarch, Life of Nicias, chap. i. (523 B). Cf. Bergk, Poet. Lyr. Gr. i. 469 (Frag. 206).
[77]: Bergk, Poet. Lyr. Gr. iii. 417 (Frag. 64) has adopted an amended reading.
[78]: Cf. the first chapter of the essay, supra, 49 A.
[79]: Cf. Plutarch, Life of Alexander, chap. xxii. (677 B) and Moralia, 717 B.
[80]: Cf. Aristotle, Ethics, ii. 7, and Horace, Satires, i. 2. 24.
[81]: Homer, Il. xiv. 84.
[82]: Ibid. xx. 467.
[83]: A verse made by combining words contained in Homer, Il. xi. 653-4 and xiii. 775.
[84]: Homer, Il. xvi. 33.
[85]: Cf. Plutarch, Life of Phocion, chap. x. (746 D).
[86]: The story is repeated by Plutarch, Moralia, 179 B, 334 D, and 634 D.
[87]: The traditional tyrannicides of Athens.
[88]: Caesar Augustus.
[89]: Homer, Il. ii. 215.
[90]: Aristophanes, for example, as in the Frogs 686 ff.
[91]: Bergk, Poet. Lyr. Gr. i. 480 (Frag. 248). Lyaeus, an epithet of Bacchus, Plutarch assumes to be derived from λύειν, to loose.
[92]: Orestes, 667.
[93]: Euripides, Ion, 732.
[94]: Anabasis, ii. 6. 11.
[95]: Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Euripides, No. 962. Again cited by Plutarch, Moralia, 102 B.
[96]: De corona, 198.
[97]: Homer, Il. ix. 108.
[98]: Herodotus, i. 30-32; Plutarch, Life of Solon, xx. 94 D.
[99]: Plato, Symposium, 215 E.
[100]: Xenophon, Cyropaedia, v. 5. 5 ff.
[101]: Plato, Letters, iv. 321 C. Again quoted by Plutarch, Life of Dion, chap. viii. (961 C); chap. liii. (981 B); and Life of Coriolanus, chap. xv. (220 D); cf. also 220 D.
[102]: Diogenes Laertius, iv. 5, also records that Speusipus wrote letters to Dion.
[103]: Adapted from Euripides, Phoenissae, 1742.
[104]: Under Lucius Aemilius Paullus (168 B.C.).
[105]: In the Moralia, 179 C, Plutarch records the successful result of Demaratus’s frankness with Philip.
[106]: The story is repeated by Plutarch, Moralia, 606 B.
[107]: In the Stheneboea; cf. Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Eurip. No. 665.
[108]: Laws, 729 C. Also cited or referred to by Plutarch, Moralia, 14 B, 144 F, 272 C.
[109]: Homer, Od. i. 157.
[110]: The story is told in detail by Plutarch, Life of Alexander, chaps. l., li. (693 C).
[111]: Ptolemy V. Epiphanes (205-181 B.C.); cf. Polybius, xv. 31.
[112]: Acharnians, 503; cf. also lines 378 ff. and the scholium on 378.
[113]: i. 70.
[114]: Plutarch, Life of Lysander, chap. xxii. (445 D). The story is repeated in Moralia, 190 E and 229 C. A similar remark is attributed to Agesilaus in Moralia, 212 E.
[115]: Cf. Plutarch, Moralia, 491 F.
[116]: From Euripides; cf. Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Eurip. No. 1086; quoted also in Moralia, 88 D, 481 E, 1110 E.
[117]: Homer, Il. xi. 313; quoted with additional lines, supra, 30 E.
[118]: Ibid. viii. 234.
[119]: Ibid. ix. 461. See the note on 26 F, supra.
[120]: Homer, Il. xiii. 116.
[121]: Ibid. v. 171.
[122]: Euripides, Phoenissae, 1688.
[123]: Euripides, Hercules Furens, 1250.
[124]: Homer, Il. v. 800.
[125]: From an unknown poet; Nauck; Trag. Graec. Frag., Adesp. No. 9; quoted with variant reading, supra, 34 D.
[126]: ii. 64.
[127]: Essentially the same story that is told supra, 43 B.
[128]: Phoenissae, 528.
[129]: Homer, Il. vi. 347.
[130]: Homer, Il. vi. 326.
[131]: Ibid. ix. 109.
[132]: In the Dinner-guests probably; Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag., Soph. No. 141. See, however, Jebb-Pearson, The Fragments of Sophocles, ii. p. 205.
[133]: In the Dinner-guests probably. See note C, p. 390.