[1]: By her second husband, Q. Servilius Caepio, who was also the father of Cato’s half-brother Caepio.
[2]: Cf. Aristotle, De Mem. i. 1, 2, 24.
[3]: Erroneously called Publius Silo in the Marius, xxxiii. 2.
[4]: This incident must have happened, if at all, in 91 B.C. when Cato was four years old; but it need not be inferred that he had already formed an opinion on public affairs. The story is told also in Valerius Maximus, iii. 1, 2.
[5]: Cf. Vergil, Aeneid, v. 553 ff.
[6]: Both here, and in i. 1, Plutarch carelessly speaks as though Caepio were his own brother, and not the half-brother, of Cato.
[7]: Cf. the Cato Major, xix. 2. This was in 182 B.C.
[8]: The highest throw at dice was called the Venus-throw.
[9]: In 73-71 B.C. Cf. the Crassus, viii. ff.
[10]: Lucius Gellius Publicola, consul in 72 B.C. with Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus. Both consuls were defeated by Spartacus.
[11]: Attendants whose duty it was to tell the candidate the names of those whom he was going to meet, that he might appear to be acquainted with them.
[12]: About 67 B.C.
[13]: Cf. chapter v. 3.
[14]: Julius Caesar, in his Anti-Cato. See the Caesar, chapter liv.
[15]: This story is told also in the Pompey, xl. 1-3.
[16]: Plutarch is seeking a Greek equivalent for the Latin mansuetior.
[17]: Cf. chapter x.
[18]: In 65 B.C.
[19]: Cf. the Lucullus, xl. 3.
[20]: In 63 B.C.
[21]: At this time the number of the popular tribunes was ten.
[22]: Silanus and Murena were consuls in 62 B.C.
[23]: 63 B.C.
[24]: Cf. the Caesar, vii. 4-viii. 2; and the Cicero, x. ff.
[25]: Plutarch’s ambiguous words here must be interpreted by comparison with the Brutus, v. 2 f., where the same story is told.
[26]: See the Lucullus, xxxviii. 1.
[27]: It is plain that Cato divorced Marcia; otherwise her father could not have given her in marriage to Hortensius.
[28]: Probably in 56 B.C.
[29]: Cf. the Caesar, viii. 4.
[30]: Pompey had just finished his conquest of Mithridates and was on the way home from Asia (62 B.C.).
[31]: Cf. chapter xxi. 3-6.
[32]: The steps of the temple of Castor led down to a platform, from which the people were often addressed.
[33]: He came back in 66 B.C., and had to wait three years before being allowed to celebrate a triumph. Cf. the Lucullus, xxxvii.
[34]: In 62 B.C.
[35]: Lucius Afranius, elected consul in 61 B.C. for the year 60 B.C. Cf. the Pompey, xliv. 3.
[36]: Cf. the Pompey, xliv.
[37]: Cf. the Lucullus, xlii. 6; Pompey, xlvi. 3 f.
[38]: In the summer of 60 B.C.
[39]: Cf. the Caesar, xiii. 1 f.
[40]: Cf. the Caesar, xiv. 1.
[41]: Cf. the Pompey, xlviii. 1.
[42]: Cf. the Caesar, xiv. 2 f.
[43]: In 100 B.C. Cf. the Marius, xxix.
[44]: For the year 58 B.C.
[45]: A younger brother of Ptolemy Auletes the king of Egypt.
[46]: Cf. the Brutus, iii. 1.
[47]: See chapter xi. 4, and note.
[48]: Cf. chapter xxv. 5.
[49]: In 56 B.C.
[50]: In 57 B.C., after an absence of sixteen months. Cf. the Cicero, chapters xxx.-xxxiii.
[51]: Cf. chapter xxxiii.
[52]: Cf. the Cicero, xxxiv.
[53]: At Luca, in 56 B.C. Cf. the Pompey, li.; the Caesar, xxi.
[54]: For the year 55 B.C.
[55]: 54 B.C.
[56]: Cf. chapter i. 2.
[57]: For the year 52 B.C. Riots in Rome prevented any election. Cf. the Pompey, chapter liv.
[58]: Cf. the Pompey, lv. 5.
[59]: Cf. Caesar, Bell. Gall. iv. 12-15; Plutarch, Caesar, xxii.
[60]: Cf. the Caesar, xxx.; the Pompey, lviii.
[61]: In 49 B.C. Cf the Caesar, xxxii. fin.; the Pompey, lx. 1.
[62]: In 50 B.C. Cf. chapter xxv.
[63]: In his treatise entitled Anti-Cato. Cf. chapter xi. 4.
[64]: Hercules Furens, 173 f. (Kirchhoff).
[65]: Cf. chapter xxiv. 3.
[66]: In his Anti-Cato. Cf. chapter xi. 4.
[67]: Chapter lxv. Cf. the Caesar, xxxix.
[68]: Gnaeus Pompey, the elder son of Pompey the Great. Cf. chapter lix. 5.
[69]: Now a partisan of Pompey, and a fugitive from Pharsalus. Cf. the Caesar, xxxiv. 2.
[70]: Cf Herodotus, iv. 173.
[71]: The text of this sentence is uncertain: Sintenis and Bekker assume a lacuna. Libya means here the Roman province of Africa.
[72]: Cf. chapter lvi. 4.
[73]: The Phaedo.
[74]: In 46 B.C. A single letter of his to Cicero is extant (ad div. xv. 5): cf. chapter xxiii. 3.
[75]: Chapters xiii. and liii.
[76]: Cf. above, chapter lxvi. 4.
[77]: Cf. the Brutus, li. 4.