[1]: Many think that opening paragraphs of this Life, describing the birth and boyhood of Caesar, have been lost.
[2]: In 86 B.C., after the death of his colleague, Valerius Flaccus.
[3]: In 82 B.C. Cf. the Pompey, ix. 1 f.
[4]: Nam Caesari multos Marios inesse (Suetonius, Divus Julius, i.).
[5]: Caesar served under Marcus Thermus, praetor of Asia, in 81-80 B.C., being then nineteen years of age, and by him was sent to Bithynia in order to raise a fleet to assist in the siege of Mitylene.
[6]: According to Suetonius (Div. Jul. 4), it was on a voyage from Rome to Rhodes (after 77 B.C.) that Caesar was captured by pirates.
[7]: According to Suetonius (Div. Jul. 4), this voyage, on which he was captured by pirates, was undertaken unsuccessful prosecution of Dolabella, mentioned in the next chapter. See the note on i. 4.
[8]: In 77 B.C.
[9]: In 68 B.C.
[10]: In 68 B.C.
[11]: In 67 B.C.
[12]: Caesar was first married to Cossutia, the daughter of a rich Roman knight.
[13]: In 66 B.C.
[14]: See the Marius, chapters xi.-xxii.
[15]: In 63 B.C.
[16]: In 63 B.C. Cf. the Cicero, chapters x.-xxii.
[17]: Cf. the Cato Minor, xxii. 4 f.
[18]: See the Cato Minor, chapter xxiii.
[19]: No longer extant.
[20]: Cf. the Cato Minor, xxvi. 1.
[21]: For the year 62 B.C.
[22]: The sacrilege and trial of Clodius are described at length also in the Cicero, chapters xxviii. and xxix.
[23]: Early in 61 B.C.
[24]: Suetonius (Div. Jul. 7) and Dio Cassius (xxxvii. 52, 2) connect this anecdote more properly with Caesar’s quaestorship in Spain (67 B.C.) when he was thirty-three years of age, the age at which Alexander died.
[25]: Cf. the Pompey, xlvii. 1-5.
[26]: In 59 B.C.
[27]: Cf. the Cicero, chapters xxx. and xxxi.
[28]: Described by Caesar in Bell. Civ.ii. 4-7.
[29]: Cf. Caesar, Bell. Civ.iii. 53.
[30]: Cf. Caesar, Bell. Gall. i. 2-29.
[31]: Cf. Caesar, B. G. i. 30-53.
[32]: Acting as consul, in 59 B.C.
[33]: Cf. Caesar, B. G. i. 40.
[34]: The winter of 58-57 B.C.
[35]: Cf. Caesar, B. G. i. 54: ipse in citeriorem Galliam ad conventus agendos profectus est.
[36]: Caesar’s campaign against the Belgae, in 57 B.C., is described by himself in B. G. ii. 1-33.
[37]: Scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto (B. G. ii. 25, 2).
[38]: Quod ante id tempus accidit nulli (Caesar, B. G. ii. 35, 4).
[39]: 57-56 B.C. Cf. the Pompey, li. 3 f.
[40]: In April of 56 B.C.
[41]: Cf. the Cato Minor, xxxiv.
[42]: In 55 B.C. Plutarch passes over Caesar’s campaign of 56 B.C. in Gaul, following the conference at Luca. Caesar describes it in B. G. iii.
[43]: Caesar calls them Usipetes and Tencteri (B. Giv. 1).
[44]: B. G. iv. 13.
[45]: B. G. iv. 16-19.
[46]: Once in 55 B.C. (B. G. iv. 20-36); again in 54 B.C. (B. G. v. 1-22).
[47]: Cf. the Pompey, chapter liii.
[48]: Cf. Caesar, B. G. v. 24-51.
[49]: Caesar calls him Ambiorix.
[50]: Plutarch here passes over the events of the year 53 B.C., described by Caesar in B. G. vi. The seventh book is wholly taken up with the war now to be described (52 B.C.).
[51]: In Caesar’s B. G.the names are Carnutes and Vercingetorix.
[52]: Cf. the Pompey, liii. 6.
[53]: Cf. the Pompey, chapter liv.
[54]: Cf. the Pompey, lv. 7.
[55]: The Basilica Pauli Aemilii, called also Regia Pauli. It took the place of the Basilica Aemilia et Fulvia, erected in 179 B.C.
[56]: See chapter xxv. 1.
[57]: Cf. the Pompey, lviii. 2.
[58]: Pompey had married Cornelia, the young widow of Publius Crassus (Pompey, lv. 1).
[59]: January 7, 49 B.C.
[60]: Cf. the Pompey, lx. 1-2.
[61]: According to Suetonius (Div. Jul. 7), Caesar had this dream while he was quaestor in Spain (67 B.C.). The interpreters of dreams told him that his mother meant the Earth, the universal parent, which was to become subject to him.
[62]: Cf. the Pompey, lvii. 5.
[63]: Cf. the Pompey, lxi. 4.
[64]: Chapter lxii.
[65]: Caesar gives a summary of his speech to the senators in B. C. i. 32.
[66]: Cf. the Pompey, lxii. 1.
[67]: Cf. Caesar, B. C. i. 34-86.
[68]: 48 B.C. The Roman calendar, at this time, was much in advance of the solar seasons.
[69]: Cf. Dion Cassius, xli. 46, 3.
[70]: Cf. Caesar, B. C. iii. 48.
[71]: Cf. the Pompey, lxv. 5.
[72]: Cf. the Pompey, lxvii. 3.
[73]: Cf. Caesar, B. C. iii. 82 f.; Plutarch, Pompey, lxvii. 5.
[74]: An error for Cornificius.
[75]: Cf. the Pompey, lxviii. 3.
[76]: August 9, 48 B.C.
[77]: Cf. the Pompey, lxix. 1-3.
[78]: B. C. iii. 92.
[79]: In Caesar’s version of this episode (B.C. iii. 91 and 99), the name is Crastinus.
[80]: Cf the Pompey, lxxi. 1-3.
[81]: Chapters lxxvii.-lxxx.
[82]: Hoc voluerunt; tantis rebus gestis Gaius Caesar condemnatus essem, nisi ab exercitu auxilium petissem (Suetonius, Div. Jul. 30).
[83]: Cf. Caesar B. C. iii. 105 ad fin.
[84]: In Book cxi, which is lost.
[85]: Cf. the Pompey, lxxx. 5.
[86]: See the Pompey, lxxvii. 2.
[87]: During Caesar’s consulship (59 B.C.) Ptolemy Auletes was declared a friend and ally of the Romans. To secure this honour he both gave and promised money to the state.
[88]: In the Museum, founded by the first Ptolemy (ob. 283 B.C.). The destruction of the library can have been only partial.
[89]: An island off Alexandria, connected with the mainland by a mole, or causeway, which divided the harbour into two parts.
[90]: Cf. Dio Cassius xlii. 40.
[91]: In July of 47 B.C.
[92]: Veni, vidi, vici. According to Suetonius (Div. Jul. 37), the words were displayed in Caesar’s Pontic triumph.
[93]: The senate named Caesar Dictator for the year 47 immediately after the battle at Pharsalus.
[94]: Cf. Appian, B. C. ii. 93.
[95]: In April of 46 B.C.
[96]: See the Cato Minorlxv.
[97]: According to Suetonius (Div. Jul. 41), this was not a census of all the people, but a revision of the number of poorer citizens entitled to receive allowances of grain from the state.
[98]: March 17, 45 B.C.
[99]: Cf. Cicero, xl. 4.
[100]: Both cities were captured in 146 B.C., and both were restored in 44 B.C.
[101]: At this time the Roman calendar was more than two months ahead of the solar year. Caesar’s reform went into effect in 46 B.C.
[102]: Chapter xviii.
[103]: See the Publicolai.-ix.
[104]: The word brutus in Latin signified stupid (cf. the Publicola, iii. 4); and the people of Cymé, in Asia Minor, were celebrated for stupidity (Strabo, p. 622).
[105]: Cf. the Brutus, vii. 1-3.
[106]: Cf. the Brutuschapters viii., ix.
[107]: Cf. the Brutuschapters viii., ix.
[108]: Cf. the Brutuschapters viii., ix.
[109]: Probably in the Historical Commentaries cited in the Lucullus, xxviii. 7.
[110]: These discouraged belief in superhuman powers.
[111]: By Caius Trebonius, rather, as Plutarch says in the Brutus, xvii. 1. Cf. Appian, B. C. ii. 117; Cicero, ad fam. x. 28
[112]: Cf. the Brutus, xx. 5 f.
[113]: Cf. the Brutus, xxxvi.; xlviii.; lii.