[1]: A friend of Plutarch, not otherwise known, to whom he thus dedicates this Life. See the note on the Theseus, i. 1.
[2]: In 264 B.C.
[3]: A contest involving the five arts of running, leaping, hurling the spear, boxing, and wrestling.
[4]: 251 B.C.
[5]: Antigonus Gonatas, king of Macedonia, 283-239 B.C.
[6]: Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt 283-247 B.C.
[7]: The sentries who had formed the night-watch came up at the sound of the bell, to be inspected, and then relieved by the morning-watch.
[8]: Philip II., 382-336 B.C.
[9]: Cf. Cicero, De Off. ii. 23, 81ff.
[10]: In 243 B.C., two years later. The office of general in the League could not be held by the same person in successive years. Cf. chap. xxiv. 4.
[11]: Philip V., 237-179 B.C.
[12]: The tyrant of Corinth.
[13]: Half a talent, equivalent to about £118 or $600, a merely nominal fine. Mantineia acted as arbitrator,perhaps by special agreement.
[14]: After the events narrated in xxxiv. ff.
[15]: Antigonus Gonatas died in 239 B.C., and was succeeded by his son, Demetrius II., who reigned ten years.
[16]: In 229 B.C. He was succeeded by Antigonus Doson, who reigned nine years.
[17]: In 227 B.C.
[18]: See the Cleomenes, iv. 3-4.
[19]: 226 B.C. Cf. the Cleomenes, v.
[20]: Cf. the Cleomenes, vi.
[21]: Cf. the Cleomenes, xv. 1.
[22]: For the year 224 B.C.
[23]: Cf. the Cleomenes, viii., xi.
[24]: Histories, ii. 47, 4 ff.
[25]: With this chapter cf. the Cleomenes, xvii.-xix. 1.
[26]: See chap. xli. 1.
[27]: Early in 223 B.C. The story is told very differently in the Cleomenes, xix. 1. f.
[28]: Ptolemy III., surnamed Euergetes, king of Egypt 247-222 B.C.
[29]: Cf the Cleomenes, xix. 3 f.
[30]: In the spring of 223 B.C. Cf the Cleomenes, xix. 4.
[31]: A body of ten men, chosen as admirers of the general.
[32]: Antigonus Gonatas. See the note on xxxiv. 1.
[33]: Cf. the Cleomenes, xx. 3 f.
[34]: Cf. chap. xxxv.
[35]: The repeated treacheries of the Mantineians towards the Achaeans are related at length in Polybius, ii. 57 f.
[36]: Homer, Iliad, ii. 607.
[37]: The old name of the city was restored by the Emperor Hadrian, Pausanias, viii. 8. 12.
[38]: In 221 B.C., cf. the Cleomenes, xxviii. ff.
[39]: In 221 B.C. See the Cleomenes, xxx.
[40]: In 22o B.C. See the Cleomenes, xxxiv. 1.
[41]: Cf. Polybius, v. 30
[42]: Cf. Polybius, v. 15 f.
[43]: A precinct of Zeus, on the summit of Mt. Ithome. Cf. Pausanias, iv. 3. 9.
[44]: In 215 B.C. Philip had made an alliance with the Carthaginians against the Romans.
[45]: Cf. Polybius, vii. 13.
[46]: In 213 B.C.
[47]: See the Aemilius Paulus, viii. 6 f.; xxxiv., xxxvi.