[1]: Probably in the lost Poimenes, or Shepherds (Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag.2, p. 249).
[2]: In 338 B.C.
[3]: In 330 B.C.
[4]: In 224 B.C.
[5]: In 395 B.C. See the Lysander, xxx. 1.
[6]: See the Pyrrhus, xxvi. 8ff.
[7]: In 265 B.C., in battle with Antigonus Gonatas.
[8]: About 256 B.C.
[9]: See the Lycurgus, viii.f.
[10]: About 243 B.C.
[11]: Plutarch here merges two separate laws. Cf. the Lycurgus, xxvii. 3.
[12]: About 242 B.C.
[13]: See chapter vi. 3 f.
[14]: In his Commentaries. See the Aratus, iii. 2.
[15]: This was regularly done thrice during a period of nine years, but in distinctly specified years. The object was to equalize the lunar and solar years.
[16]: On the promontory of Taenarum. See the Cleomenes, xxii. 5.
[17]: See the Pelopidas, xxiii.
[18]: About 241 B.C.
[19]: In 235 B.C. Cleomenes was then about twenty-four years of age.
[20]: Agis II. (427-398 B.C.); cf. the Morals, pp. 190c; 215d.
[21]: See chapter i. 1.
[22]: Such Helot companions afterwards became freemen, and sometimes even citizens in Sparta.
[23]: By Stasinus of Cyprus. Cf. Plato, Euthyphro, 12a; Kinkel, Ep. Graec. Frag. i. p. 30.
[24]: Iliad, iii. 172, Helen to Priam.
[25]: Iliad, iv. 431
[26]: Iliad, iv. 431, of the Achaeans marshalled for battle.
[27]: Chapter xii.
[28]: Cf. the Aratus, xxxviii. 5f.
[29]: See the Aratus, xvi. ff.
[30]: Aratus, xlix. 1.
[31]: Cf. the Aratus, xxxix.
[32]: See the Pyrrhus, xxxii. ff.
[33]: Ptolemy III., surnamed Euergetes, king of Egypt 247-222 B.C. See the Aratus, xli. 3.
[34]: See the Philopoemen, v.
[35]: Most people thought this a hazardous and foolhardy step; but those who were capable of judging regarded the measure as at once safe and prudent (ii. 64, 1).
[36]: See the Crassus, ii. 7.
[37]: Hist. ii. 65. 2 and 7. The battle of Sellasia was fought in June of 221 B.C.
[38]: A rural police with the special duty of watching the Helots, or slave population.
[39]: As they were before the reforms of Cleomenes.
[40]: Ptolemy III., surnamed Euergetes, died in 220 B.C., and was followed by Ptolemy IV., surnamed Philopator.
[41]: Cf. chapter xxx. 2.
[42]: Iliad, i. 491 f.
[43]: See chapter xxiii. 4.